Mediations of First Philosophy by Descartes Essay -- Philosophy Philos

Intercessions of First Philosophy by Descartes In the â€Å"Mediations of First Philosophy† Descartes attempts to demonstrate the presence of God in the third contemplation. He does this by thinking of a few premises that in the long run mean a strong contention. In the first place, I will clarify why Descartes pose the inquiry, does god exist? Furthermore, for what reason does Descartes think he needs such and contention now in the content. Besides, I will clarify, in detail, the contentions that Descartes makes and how he arrives at the resolution that God exists. Next, I will discuss some of Descartes premises that make his contention an unsound one, including round thinking. At long last, I will check whether his unsound contention has reduced and subverted his important objectives and the hopeless establishment of information.      In prior reflections Descartes demonstrated that he existed through the Cogito contention. Descartes should now proceed onward to look at and investigate inquiries regarding his general surroundings, however as opposed to doing this he first stop to analyze the topic of whether God exists. Descartes needs to realize that he was made by an infinitely knowledgeable, flawless maker that is acceptable and needs to ensure that he was not made by a shrewd soul or evil spirit. On the off chance that Descartes can demonstrate that he was made by an ideal all knowing maker then his thoughts must convey some similarity to truth, since God isn't a trickster and he should of set these thoughts in Descartes. Descartes has valid justifications for looking for the response to the subject of God’s presence, presently he needs to concoct a decent solid contention to demonstrate it.      Throughout the â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy† Descartes gives a few significant contentions about the presences of god, he gives one contention in the third contemplation and on in the fifth reflection. The contention in reflection three and the one we will concentrate on is known as the â€Å"Trademark Argument†. This contention originates from the reality asserted by Descartes that within everybody is a preeminent being, which is set there by whatever made us. From this announcement Descartes can say that an imprint from a God has been place within all of us. This contention includes the affirmation of such a thought is inside ourselves, this thought God is a being who is interminable and boundless and a maker of all things. This is Descartes first reason. His subsequent reason is the â€Å"Causal Adequacy Principle.† The p... ... like Descartes ever has any genuine solid contentions for the presence or God or himself existing or any of his speculations.      In end, Descartes made a contention to demonstrate God’s presence and appeared to have the option to demonstrate that he existed, however after an investigating and revaluating his speculations you see that he utilizes a great deal of roundabout thinking. It is extremely difficult to accept any of what Descartes is stating. In the wake of perusing his reflections you are left befuddled, for the most part since you are attempting to interpret what he is stating and you wind up going around and around due to the roundabout thinking. Indeed, even without the roundabout thinking the contention just doesn’t bode well, particularly in today’s world, with no information. To have the option to comprehend a sound contention for the presence of God just sounds too absurd to even think about believing. To accept that God exists based of confidence and religion is the thing that individuals today and in Descartes time, also, accepted. To state that God exists in light of the fact that there more likely than not been some prevalent maker that put this thought in my mind is extremely implausible. Individuals don’t should be informed that God exists on the grounds that the vast majority as of now accept and the vast majority of them realize that he does.  â â â â

Mr. Posgais Biology Ii Class Lab Essays - Web Colors, Free Essays

Mr. Posgai's Biology Ii Class Lab Essays - Web Colors, Free Essays Mr. Posgai's Biology Ii Class Lab Theoretical Mr. Posgais Biology II class frequently considered the idea of creepy crawlies fascination in specific hues on blossoms. All things considered, on September 14, 1999, we chose to investigation and make sense of which hues on blossoms were increasingly prevailing over others. Our Biology class split into gatherings of two and three individuals. Each bunch took an alternate shaded bit of banner board. One individual in each gathering applied Tangle Trap to the twelve by nine inch zone and stapled each board to a bit of cross section. We at that point took the cross section outside, around fifty feet from the school building and left it outside for around forty-eight hours. At the point when we recovered our cross section, we checked the quantity of creepy crawlies on each board and demonstrated our theory, that bugs lean toward yellow blossoms and white blossoms over different hues, to be valid. Presentation During the seven day stretch of September 13, through September 17, Mr. Posgais Science II class completed a fascinating trial including bugs and their shading attractions. Fertilization is indispensable to bug and bloom propagation. Winged animals and bugs float from blossom to bloom, choosing the fitting kind of their decision to continue their fundamental assignment of nature. With the manner in which nature works, this procedure sounds to be basic; be that as it may, it is substantially more confounded and it could be said, increasingly staggering than you would ever envision. A fledgling or bug flies or strolls up into the bloom to arrive at the dust. As time moves o, that equivalent flying creature or potentially creepy crawly will proceed onward to something different and convey the dust with it. The dust being moved as is this a main consideration in the blossom multiplication framework. My class concocted the speculation that the creepy crawlies would be most pulled in to the shades of yellow and white. Our speculation was end up being valid at the point when we acquired the grid containing the entirety of the individual hued banner board pieces. The outcomes were to be expected to us, as white had assembled eighty three creepy crawlies and yellow social occasion eighty. These hues together nearly are more than the rest of the hues creepy crawly sum consolidated. Materials and Methods - 9 Different shading banner sheets: red, blue, yellow, white, purple, green, dark, orange, and hot pink - Tangle Trap - Putty blade - Pencil - Ruler - Lattice - 2 sticks Everybody in the class initially split into gatherings of three and four individuals. Each gathering picked a 14 by 11 bit of banner leading body of an alternate shading. They took the ruler and separated with the pencil, roughly a one inch fringe for dealing with. With the clay blade within reach, they applied the Tangle Trap to the center of the board, being mindful so as not to let it jump on their hands or attire. Dealing with the bit of banner board by the one inch verge on the sides, each gathering painstakingly took their board and stapled it to the cross section. The cross section was then positioned outside (being held up by the two sticks) with every one of the nine distinctive hued banner sheets stapled on it, with each piece having a 12 by 9 accessible catching space. After about forty-eight hours, they recovered the grid and each gathering reclaimed their appointed shading and checked the quantity of bugs on it. Conversation/Conclusion In the wake of recovering our grid board from outside, and cautiously tallying over what's more, finished, for consolation, the aggregate sum of creepy crawlies on each bit of banner board, what's more, the various sorts, our class reached the last resolution that yellow, white, what's more, red were the more prevailing hues in this specific analysis. Despite the fact that, this didn't actually coordinate our theory, the outcomes were close. Likewise, you should take in to thought when perusing this end we just made one preliminary. During a typical investigation, there ought to be mutiple test. Afterall, if is difficult to decide the realities of nature with numerous investigations, not to mention only one. There could likewise be numerous different components which influenced our outcomes. An model would be that not every person determined precisely a one inch outskirt from the sides of their banner board. A few people may have put the Tangle Trap on their board thicker than others, which would prompt pretty much bugs adhering to their specific banner board. Another factor might be that the gathering who was responsible for the purple banner board needed to shading a plain white piece. Implying that the board may not be totally purple, and the bugs might be pulled in to the white spots appearing through the shaded board.

The History of the Thematic Analysis Psychology Essay

The History of the Thematic Analysis Psychology Essay Thematic analysis is an analytical technique serving to interpret the contents of texts or human experiences and widely used in qualitative research. In its interpretation of qualitative data, thematic analysis generates themes within the distinguished categories of data. Each category that reflects a recurring feature of the obtained data attributes a code to a corresponding informational block. However, data categorization is thematic analysis pursues the aim of managing the overall volume of unstructured data rather than indicating conceptual issues. In this vein, thematic analysis entails a clear and precise definition of codes that are distinct from one another. During analytical procedures, a researcher refers to the developed code log book to categorize data and allow themes to emerge.[1] In other words, a theme in thematic analysis represents a statement of meaning observed in most of the data. This meaning may be also reported by a minority of participants, but carry a strong emotional power or factual impact on the studied situation. In thematic analysis, themes may be regarded as units formed by deriving and comprising patterns of conversation issues, meanings, feelings, recurring activities. Proverbs, and vocabulary. As such, themes serve to bring together elements ideas, perceptions, or experiences that may seem meaningless when considered separately.[2] In other words, the role of thematic analysis is to summarize the data content and draw relationships between distinct codes to produce a social meaning shared by the examined population sample. Therefore, thematic analysis is an interpretive analytical technique dedicated to revealing new concepts and ideas. Thematic analysis is theoretically flexible and allows answering various research questions without adherence to a specific framework. This analytical approach is mostly beneficial for responding to research questions regarding human experiences, ideas, attitudes, and perceptions.[3] Its focus on motifs and beliefs driving individual behavior fits scholar ship in psychology, social studies, behavioral research, and more applied disciplines like education, health, and clinical research. Psychology is a discipline that seeks to explore and analyze human experiences and behaviors to determine factors and personality traits shaping individual’s behavior patterns. In this vein, qualitative studies represent a significant portion of psychology scholarship when researchers attribute meanings to different behavior types observed or discussed with human participants.[4] In line with the prevailing qualitative research design, psychological studies focus on synthesizing the attained data and interpreting results into meaningful conclusions. In this pursuit, scholars tend to use different names to describe content analysis procedures utilized in their inquiries or using them without a specific description. Regardless of the expressed position, psychologists appreciate the thematic analysis framework for several benefits offered. While examining human observations, feelings, and attitudes, this analytical approach tends to bridge the researcher and participants intellectuall y and emotionally, fostering understanding of the former of motifs and beliefs underpinning behavior of the latter.[5] Moreover, thematic analysis allows combining different research methods that is a substantial advantage for psychological research. For instance, thematic analysis is applicable to processing and interpreting data obtained through both qualitative and quantitative methods. In thematic analysis, interview findings may be complemented by survey results to expand the depth and breadth of the acquired understanding while strengthening validity and reliability of the produced conclusions.[6] This argument is crucial in terms of qualitative research criticism that stresses on high subjectivity and descriptiveness of qualitative research findings. When applied to a single research method, thematic analysis serves to organize the unstructured dataset and embed a systematic approach in the analytical process. In the case of psychological research utilizing several research methods, thematic analysis is useful to generate an insight into the studied phenomenon while proving credibility of the attributed meaning. References Boyatzis, Richard E. Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Thousand oaks, CA: Sage, 1998. Gibson, Will. “Qualitative Research Analysis in Education.” In Educational Research and Inquiry: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, ed. Dimitra Hartas, 295-307. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010. Goodwin, C. James and Kerri A. Goodwin. Research in Psychology: Methods and Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2016. Thatchenkery, Tojo and Carol Metzker. Appreciative Intelligence: Seeing the Mighty Oak in the Acorn. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., 2006. [1] Ibid. [2] Tojo Thatchenkery and Carol Metzker, Appreciative Intelligence: Seeing the Mighty Oak in the Acorn (San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., 2006), 235. [3] Ibid. [4] C. James Goodwin and Kerri A. Goodwin, Research in Psychology: Methods and Design (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2016), 302. [5] Richard E. Boyatzis, Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development (Thousand oaks, CA: Sage, 1998), 6. [6] Goodwin and Goodwin, 302.

The Beginning Teacher - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 887 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Education Essay Level High school Tags: Teacher Essay Did you like this example? Teaching is extremely difficult and will never be perfect (Danielson, 2007). The beginning teacher, whether they are recent enthusiastic college graduates or individuals embarking on a career change, require support (Watkins 2005). In order to feel like successful, contributing members of a community of learners, these professionals need to be supported (Watkins 2005). Coaching beginning teachers starting at day one will set the tone for future success. The teacher will become more successful; therefore, the students will become more successful. Using the Danielson Framework to assess the environment and climate, I would look for how the teacher interacts with the students in the class and how the students interact with each other. The classroom environment should be one of mutual respect. There should be evidence that the teacher is establishing rituals and routines beginning on the first day of school. This will help with student behavior as well as procedures. Classroom management has been identified as an area that â€Å"requires immediate attention† (Chesley and Hartman, p.3). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Beginning Teacher" essay for you Create order Instructional strategies should include clarity of instruction, classroom discussion, feedback, formative assessments, as well as metacognitive strategies, such as accessing prior knowledge (Adler 2015). According to Young (2015), student engagement strategies should include but are not limited to Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down. This strategy allows teachers a quick system to check for understanding to determine whether or not students have learned a particular concept. This activity can be extended with class discussion. Students can also use Think-Pair-Share (Young, 2015). This is a strategy that I learned when my district utilized the Successful For All Foundation’s Reading Program. The teacher asks a question. Students think about an answer. They pair with a partner to discuss their answer. Some students are also allowed to share their answer with the class. This strategy also contributes to a positive classroom climate since every student is allowed to share his or her thinking. Teachers may also have their students participate in a Gallery Walk (Young, 2015). Student work is posted on the classroom walls to form a gallery. Students walk around the classroom to observe their peers’ work and engage in dialogue about their work. Higher order thinking techniques are crucial to student achievement. Students are using higher order thinking strategies when they are asked to create something. Williams (2000) suggests using graphic organizers to stimulate higher order thinking. He suggests that graphic organizers make thinking visible. Using technology, students can create graphic organizers using desktop computers, tablets, and laptops. Teachers can also use Smart Boards to project lessons and demonstrate activities. Many Smart Board activities are interactive so they encourage student engagement. Technology can also be used to differentiate instruction and for small group activities. My district utilizes the website www.Freckle.com. Student work is differentiated according to each student’s level. There are units for all content areas on the website. The work is graded on the website and can be printed and placed in students’ folders. Technology is a valuable tool for student assessment. Positive feedback could include classroom environment and student engagement. The lesson adhered to the stated objective. Students were attentive and responsive by participating in class dialogue. They were engaged in the activity by working with their partner to complete the assignment. Evidence from the observation would be used for constructive feedback (Conducting Observations). I may ask if there is any planning for extension activities for students that finish an assignment early. Some students finished the activity before the rest of the class and appeared to have nothing to do. Since they were working on a graphic organizer, they may have been allowed to start the next phase of the assignment or have activities in their folders that they can complete while they wait. Additional coaching activities that I would include with this teacher would be study groups. Study groups give the novice teacher the â€Å"learning in practice that they need while getting support from veteran colleagues† (Watkins, p.85). I would also work with the teacher on lesson planning. Most beginning teachers are not familiar with the format of lesson planning and how to include differentiated activities into their plans. I would also work with the beginning teacher on classroom management strategies. The best-written plan cannot be implemented without adequate classroom management. Watkins (2005) suggests using action research with beginning teachers. Action research benefits the entire school community. It is a learning opportunity for the beginning teacher as well as the veteran. The results obtained through action research projects impact everyone and give valuable insight into how to better serve students as well as staff. It also makes the beginning teacher feel like a valued member and not just a spectator. References Danielson, C (2007). Enhancing professional practice: A framework for teaching (2nd edition). Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development: Alexandria, VA. Conducting Observations and Providing Meaningful Feedback. (n.d) Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. Retrieved July 27, 2018 from: https://www.doe.mass.edu/edprep/cap/Workshop-Handouts.pdf Watkins, P. (2005). The Principal’s Role in Attracting, Retaining, and Developing New Teachers: Three Strategies for Collaboration and Support. The Clearing House Young, S. (2015). Reading Horizons. 14 Classroom Activities That Increase Student Engagement. Retrieved July 27, 2018 from https://www.readinghorizons.com/blog/14-classroom-activities-that-increase-student-engagement Chesley, G. Hartman, D. (2012). Myth of the â€Å"Last-In† Superstar. Education Digest Williams, R.B. (2003). Higher Order Thinking Skills: Challenging All Students to Achieve. Corwin Press: Thousand Oaks, CA.

The Australian Organic Food Industry Market Analysis Essay

1) Executive Summary The global organic industry is the fastest growing food category, with demand outstripping supply in most developed economies. This presents significant export opportunities for Australia. Organics is practiced in over 120 countries of which Australia has the largest area of certified organic land with over 12.3 million hectares available. Since 2000, the Australian organic industry has more than doubled in value. Currently there are over 2,500 organic operators representing all levels of the supply chain. The Australian organic industry comprises a diverse range of products, which is expanding due to increasing consumer demand. The most important sectors are beef and horticulture. Companies are increasingly focusing on everyday foodstuffs, particularly whole fruit and fruit juices, which carry the ‘naturally healthy’ message. Berries, oats, whole grains, almonds, peanuts and fresh orange juice are examples of foods that have been successfully marketed for their intrinsic healthfulness† (Australian Trade Commission, 2016). The objective of this paper is to provide a contemporary overview of the Australian organic food industry Market analysis which includes, Target Marketing, Segments, Positioning, Micro Macro Environment, Consumer behaviour, Perception, Marketing mix strategies on a specific Organic brand from Woolworths called â€Å"MACRO†. Organic Food Market in Australia The Australian organic food industry is booming. It is currently worth aroundShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Bellamys1359 Words   |  6 PagesBellamy’s) is a public company producing organic infant formula and baby food in the Australian food and beverage industry. In order to assess the current position of Bellamy’s, a comprehensive SWOT analysis was undertaken. 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Paper on Sq3R Free Essays

SQ3R The SQ3R strategy (which stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review) was developed by Robinson (1961) to provide a structured approach for students to use when studying content material. This strategy has proven to be effective and versatile and can easily be integrated into many content areas and across grade levels. Students develop effective study habits by engaging in the pre-reading, during-reading, and post-reading steps of this strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper on Sq3R or any similar topic only for you Order Now The SQ3R literacy strategy helps enhance comprehension and retention of information. It is metacognitive in nature in that it is a self-monitoring process. 1. Survey (1 minute): Before beginning reading look through the whole chapter. See what the headings are — the major ones and the subheadings; hierarchical structures seem to be particularly easy for our brains to latch onto — check for introductory and summary paragraphs, references, etc. Resist reading at this point, but see if you can identify 3 to 6 major ideas in the chapter. 2. Question (usually less than 30 seconds): Ask yourself what this chapter is about: What is the question that this chapter is trying to answer? Or — along the curiosity lines — What question do I have that this chapter might help answer? Repeat this process with each subsection of the chapter, as well, turning each heading into a question. 3. Read (slower for some of us than others! ): Read one section at a time looking for the answer to the question proposed by the heading! This is active reading and requires concentration so find yourself a place and time where you can concentrate. 4. Recite/write (about a minute): Say to yourself (I do this out loud so I have to study where I don’t embarrass myself) or write down (I sometimes do this in the margins of the book itself ) a key phrase that sums up the major point of the section and answers the question. It is important to use your own words, not just copy a phrase from the book. Research shows that we remember our own (active) connections better than ones given to us (passive), indeed that our own hierarchies are generally better than the best prefab hierarchies. 5. Review (less than 5 minutes): After repeating steps 2-4 for each section you have a list of key phrases that provides a sort of outline for the chapter. Test yourself by covering up the key phrases and seeing if you can recall them. Do this right after you finish reading the chapter. If you can’t recall one of your major oints, that’s a section you need to reread. Many students don’t know how to study, and this strategy is a perfect way to help them. It works well in many content areas with a variety of types of text. It is recommended that the teacher show the students how to go through the steps. In the fifth grade science lesson found later in this chapter, this strategy provides the framework nee ded to develop a concept map. WORKS CITED Robinson, Francis Pleasant. (1970) Effective study (4th ed. ). New York: Harper ; Row. Halawa, O 2010 November 12, SQ3R Reading Strategy, 08/12/10, http://www. premisemarketing. com/work/approach/ How to cite Paper on Sq3R, Papers

Therapy Programs for Children Last a Lifetime

Question: Discuss about the Therapy programs for children that last a lifetime? Answer: Implementation of Power Mobility Children suffering from severe spinal muscular atrophy are unable to move independently around their environment. Therefore, there may be delays in the development areas not related directly to the limitations of their motor activities. Power mobility enables these young children to move independently and explore the environment around them. Power mobility helps to improve the childs mobility by implementing the developmental changes. This is because the child learns to develop the maneuvering skills. The child gains independence and she explores the environment around her without any assistance. The mobility also privileged her various situations that she was unable to experience without the power mobility. So the power mobility greatly influenced the child to acquire better functional and developmental skills (Jones et al., 2003). Other Adaptive Equipment Adaptive equipment employs the concept of assistive technology that plays a major role in children for the development of skills required to grow and learn. These technologies include services and devices that include alternative and augmentative devices for communication, switches, assistive mobility technology, play material adaptation and microcomputers (Judge Parette, 1998). These technologies have been successfully implemented to facilitate and enhance the skill acquisition and participation of young children with severe spinal muscular atrophy. So in the present case of Molly, various types of adaptive equipment may be provided for her help as she grows up and develops. These may be listed below. Scooters and wheelchairs for mobility. Environmental access devices like control units for manipulating the stereo or TV. Computers that enable the child to play. Electronic toys to play independently during recreation or leisure. Devices for living independently like reaching or buttoning devices for physically disabled children. Proper positioning for maintaining the body alignment by using bolsters and rolls, which are vinyl covered. Various adaptive toys to enable the child to control it independently. Determination of Equipment Factors Mobility devices: Since children suffering from severe spinal muscular atrophy are unable to move independently around their environment, so mobility devices will be of immense help to them to learn about the world around them by moving. This gives them a sensation of freedom and independence, identifies the results of their individual actions and helps them to see and realize things from a different view point. So scooters and wheelchairs will be helping Molly to gain confidence within her and grow up enthusiastically (Papa, 2012). Environmental access devices will help Molly to control the various household electronic devices for better understanding and enjoyment. Since she is a kid, watching TV and listening to music will be quite appealing and interesting to her and a suitable control device can help her to think rationally while she grows up, as per her needs. Computers help the children to develop their ability of play and cognition. These provide the child with a customized environment required to improve her levels of skill and development. Special software for kids with motor disability will help them sharpen their gross and fine motor skills, will improve their span of attention; their skills of communication will get enhanced including their social skills. Electronic and adaptive toys will help Molly to play independently and explore her environment. Physically modified toys help the child to have a better control of the toy. It also helps the child to play while sitting on the wheelchair. Multi sensory remotes and devices further help in playing in a group with others (Orthoinfo.aaos.org, 2016). Mollys Equipment Needs Since Molly is a kid and is suffering from spinal muscular atrophy, movement is a very important aspect of her treatment regime. Apart from movement, her family should also provide her with adaptive equipments and assistive technology to facilitate her natural growth and development. Therefore, the equipment and technologies that have been mentioned above will be beneficial for Molly and it is essential for her family to provide her with the same (Li Leong, 1999). Scooters and wheelchairs for mobility are the prime requirement of Molly. Her family should provide her with this need as per her body adaptation. Environmental access devices should be well within her reach and her parents should arrange for suitable programs and music required for her growth and development. Computers with special software will be the best device to develop her cognitive skills. So her parents need to provide her with parental guidance while operating the computer for playing and learning purpose. Electronic and adaptive toys either purchased or modified at home will help Molly to play independently or in a group. Reaching or buttoning devices will help Molly to control her environment even from her wheelchair. It is very important for Molly to maintain a proper body positioning for her treatment. So her parents should arrange for bolsters and rolls, which are vinyl covered to facilitate the same (Dumas et al., 2015). Letter of Medical Necessity Letter of medical necessity is essential to receive the approval for funding from the insurance company. For Molly, the beneficiary, since mobility is the most important aspect, so funding authorization needs to be arranged for a wheelchair. This will include the following steps. The first step is the submission of a claim to the insurance company about the equipment. This will make the company to evaluate the claim and decide whether to deny or pay the claim. The second step will involve the clear understanding of the medical necessity of the beneficiary. The insurance company will analyze after that the medical necessity of the equipment. The third step should include the clarity of the letter about the equipment. The explanation for the necessity should be done in such a lucid fashion that it becomes understandable even to a nonprofessional. The fourth step will be the description of the equipment as to why it is beneficial to the beneficiary. Also, an explanation needs to be subm itted to why cost effective alternatives will not be appropriate and how it will reduce other related expenses. The fifth and last step will explain the company that the beneficiary is in a real adverse situation. However, by paying the claim, the company can improve the life of the beneficiary (Stressel Dickerson, 2014). Campbells Article Campbells article deals with the lifetime therapy programs for children. It determines that the devised programs of therapists for disabled children have lifetime validity. A number of therapy programs can be implemented for Molly from Campbell's article. The combination of musculoskeletal impairment prevention with self-determination helps in setting therapy goals for the child. Since the goal of this therapy is to play and move and environment exploration, wheelchair as the adaptive equipment is necessary for Molly. Mobility appropriate to age is the next goal for the child. Participating independently in the fun activities with family will require mobility and therefore the wheelchair is the essential mode of mobility for Molly. Another goal for the child shall be physical fitness for lifelong validity. This should employ various exercise programs and therefore should stress on improving the skills of movement, which in turn will include the wheelchair as adaptive equipment for Mo lly (Campbell, 1997). References Campbell, S. K. (1997). Therapy programs for children that last a lifetime. Physical Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics,17(1), 1-15. Dumas, H. M., Fragala-Pinkham, M. A., Rosen, E. L., Lombard, K. A., Farrell, C. (2015). Pediatric evaluation of disability inventory computer adaptive test (PEDI-CAT) and alberta infant motor scale (AIMS): Validity and responsiveness.Physical Therapy,95(11), 1559. doi:10.2522/ptj.20140339 Jones, M. A., McEwen, I. R., Hansen, L. (2003). Use of power mobility for a young child with spinal muscular atrophy.Physical Therapy,83(3), 253-262. Judge, S. L., Parette, H. P. (Eds.). (1998).Assistive technology for young children with disabilities: A guide to family-centered services. Brookline Books. Li, Y. H., Leong, J. C. (1999). Intoeing gait in children.Hong Kong Medical Journal,5(4), 360-366. Orthoinfo.aaos.org,. (2016).Spinal Deformity in Children with Myelomeningocele-OrthoInfo -AAOS. Retrieved 26 February 2016, from https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00614 Papa, J. A. (2012). Physical therapy for children.Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association,56(3), 235-235. Stressel, D., Dickerson, A. E. (2014). Documentation and Reimbursable Services for Driver Rehabilitation.Occupational therapy in health care,28(2), 209-222.

Why the United States is competitive as a society Essay Example

Why the United States is competitive as a society Essay That America is the World’s super power goes without saying.   America has virtually dominated all fields from the military might and strength to agriculture, space exploration and other aspects that include sports, music, innovations, democracy and many other fields where the country scores highly. The country has reached a remarkable level that has seen it gain the super power status in a span of 3 centuries since its colonization.   Since its colonization in the 18th century the transformation that has taken place in America came about by the competitive nature of the new inhabitants of the â€Å"New World†.   The foundation of the country’s stability and economic development was wholly founded on the bedrock of capitalism.   Perhaps the competitiveness of the American Society can be traced back to this fact alone. Capitalism gained ground in the early years of the colonization period when the new settlers rushed in to take advantage of the virgin hinterland where they started exploiting the resources that the new land had to offer. We will write a custom essay sample on Why the United States is competitive as a society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why the United States is competitive as a society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why the United States is competitive as a society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer America has made tremendous strides in many aspects over the last few centuries.   It played a significant role in the innovation field including the development of the information and communication Technology that has completely turned the world and transformed not only how business is conducted but how societies interact as well. Sports in the United States of America Just like in other fields, America’s competitive nature has been witnessed in the sports arena, sports forms the very fabric that is the American society and defines the culture of the Nation.   The culture of sports is very distinct and extremely different from sports in other countries of the world. While football (soccer) is adored world over, in American this is a different story all together, the Americans by nature prefer a different and unique kind of sports. In the American society setup, sports plays a very significant role because apart from the popularity it commands it acts as the vehicle of transmitting various values of fair play, justice, team work and goes along way of integrating the various social dynamics that makes up the American society. The racial and social disintegration that characterized the American landscape during the period of the early sixties has virtually disappeared because of the role sports has played in bringing people from   various cultures and race to work , play and enjoy together. It cannot be gainsaid that sports is the â€Å"social glue† that has held the country together. (Deford, F 79) Sporting in America can be traced back to the colonial period because during this time team sports was more or less regarded as the way of life through the various forms of the ball games that would later evolve to the various forms of baseball, basketball and others. The colonialists and settlers that immigrated to America from Europe in the 17th century are credited with the bringing of the contemporary American sports of baseball, football and basketball. The colonialists also had great interest in sports like fishing, horse racing, shooting and running. The 1800s saw the introduction of such recent sports like tennis and golf, with recent decades ushering in such â€Å"extreme sports† like mountain biking, sail boarding, sport climbing and ice hockey. (Gorn, E Goldstein, W 17) During the colonial period the Native American’s form of sports was the Lacrosse which was a popular team sport. Lacrosse was limited in popularity and was only limited to the States of New England and mid-Atlantic. The popularity seems to be spreading nationally seeing such lacrosse leagues like the NLL and MLL and sometimes the games draw up to 10,000 fans in the areas where it is popular.( Fisher, Donald M 22) However, the ball games as we know them today had to go through various transformations during the 19th century and were â€Å"re-fashioned† to make them the most popular sports in the country. Across the United States athletic contests have continued to shape various rituals that form the basis of the American culture. The growth of team sports was brought about by the growth of individual competition. (Gorn, E Goldstein, W 13) America is a sporting country; this came about because early American presidents like Benjamin n Franklin and Thomas Jefferson emphasized the need for fitness and advocated frequently for such fitness activities like swimming and running. Most of the various successive presidents that followed in the 20th Century followed their cue and continued encouraging the aspect of physical activity. It was during the tenure of President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956 that the Presidents Council on Youth Fitness was founded with the sole responsibility of ensuring that the youths in America were encouraged to make fitness one of their priorities. (Gorn, E Goldstein, W 16) This Council later evolved to become the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports and now encompassed every American, regardless of age and ability. The focus of the Council nevertheless remained on using sports and games as the catalyst to fitness and healthy living. The formation of the council greatly influenced the spread of the awareness of fitness and encouraged the development of various sporting activities. This influence has continued up to today. (Gorn, E Goldstein, W 17) In the U.S unlike many nations in the world, sports are intertwined with the education system where a great number of students across the whole country participate in athletic programs that are sponsored by the respective colleges and schools. Students who excel in the athletic field find themselves getting scholarships to colleges acting as a motivator for the nurturing of talent.   Students excelling at this level also stand a better chance of making great strides in their lives. The government has continued to emphasize on the development and the nurturing of talent across the country and this emphasis has continued to greatly enhance the sporting capability of the nation. (Gorn, E Goldstein, W 17) In the US there are various types of sports but there are 4 sports that are very popular and include ice hockey, basketball American football and baseball.   All of these sports are organized in major leagues, which receive extremely high media coverage strengthening the love of the sports and increasing their popularity. (Gorn, E Goldstein, W 22) Among the most popular sports in the US baseball remains the oldest dating back to 1869.   Baseball also unlike other spectator sports that are popular it is played almost daily from April through October.   The popularity of baseball however lost its popularity though it ranks number one in terms of ticket sales. The American football has replaced baseball in terms of popularity and is credited for attracting millions of American T.V viewers.   However the American football ticket sales fall below those ones of baseball because unlike baseball the American football teams that form the National football leaguer play sixteen regular season annual games. Basketball is another popular sports in America and is represented by the professional National Basketball Association.   Such popular figures as Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson have continued to be idolized world over for their prowess in the basketball sport. (Deford, F 79) Springfield, Massachusetts is believed to be the cradle of basketball when it was â€Å"invented† by James Naismith who was a Canadian teacher specializing in physical education ( http://www.nba.com ).The sport is rated among the top three in the country and continues to elicit great enthusiasm not only in the country where it originated but the whole world as well. NBA as it is popularly known is a professional body and is rated as the world’s number one basketball league. The league playoffs normally start in April bringing in eight teams that have qualified from the conference to compete for the Larry OBrien Championship Trophy. ( http://www.nba.com ). Most of the NBA players have continued to represent the United States of America in various international competitions where they have continued to dominate and win most trophies. In the 1992 Olympics, the Dream Team that comprised Michael Jordan among others won the gold medal in the men’s basketball category. Since then the American team has been on the winning streak. ( http://www.nba.com ). The popularity of basketball in America can only be equated to that one of the American foot ball. This popularity has come about by the popularization of the game from the tertiary level to college and high school levels through out the country. Annually in the month of March a national college basketball champions are picked after a rigorous elimination tournament. The tournament brings together about 65 teams who compete to get the eventual winner. It is during such tournaments that NBA teams scout for talent among the budding youth. According to The National Sporting Goods Association, because of the popularity and the big money to be earned in this game, basketball remains the most played sport in America. (http://www.nba.com ). America has continued to inspire the world with its classic and competitive basketball that generates billion of dollars in revenues especially for the major advertising companies. The basketball sport at the same time also generates big earnings for the players who earn in excess off millions of dollars annually for just playing. The sport generates more millionaires more than any other sport in America.(http://www.nba.com ). Another popular sport in the U.S is baseball with the Major League Baseball remaining the most popular baseball league. .(Enders Eric 34)   This particular league has a schedule for about 162 games thereby generating the most revenue in ticket sales although it is not rated as the most popular game. Americans across the country still regard the game as a â€Å"national pastime† because historically, it has been the major sport since the late 19th century spanning over to the 20th century. Today in the months of April through October, teams in the Major League Baseball, play almost daily.(Enders Eric 36) The roots of baseball in the U.S, at the professional level can be traced to 1865, with the formation of the National League as the first major league, coming in 1876. In the last month of October when the leagues comes to a close at the World Series the winners of the two leagues; The American League and the National League play against each other and the winner is determined by a playoff of the best-of-seven. Notable figures in baseball include Babe Ruth, Ty Cobb, Hank Aaron among others. (Deford, F 79) Besides basketball and baseball there are many other team and individual sports that have continued to grow in America. Because of the organization and the enthusiasm that sports has continued to generate many lives of young and talented youths have been turned around for a better and promising future. However the competitiveness and the quest for fame and wealth have equally wrecked the lives of many American sportspeople. There has been a general increase in cases of the use of anabolic steroids and other performance drugs that has continued to dog the American athletes. Many athletes have been stripped of there medals bringing disgrace to themselves and their country as well. (http://grg51.typepad.com) Some of the popular failed doping cases that have shaken the athletic world include the case of Ben Johnson, Marion Jones, and Maurice Greene among others. These Americans athletes have been stripped of their medals and some like Marion Jones have served jail sentences for the offences. They have made American athletes to be scrutinized closely because America has come to be known as the â€Å"Steroid Nation†, where steroids and other performance enhancing drugs are used with abandon. (http://grg51.typepad.com) Works Cited Axthelm, Pete. The City Game: Basketball from the Garden to the Playgrounds. Lincoln:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of Nebraska Press, 1999.p11-25 Deford, Frank. The Heart of a Champion: Celebrating the Spirit and Character of Great  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Sports Heroes. Minnetonka, MN: NorthWord, 2002.78-79 Enders, Eric. 100 Years of the World Series. New York: Barnes and Noble, 2003. p34-38 Fisher, Donald M. Lacrosse: A History of the Game. Baltimore, Maryland Johns Hopkins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press. 2002 Gorn, Elliott J., and Goldstein, Warren. A Brief History of American Sports. Urbana:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of Illinois Press, 2004. p12-14 Steroid Nation: Retrieved on 6th June 2008 from: http://grg51.typepad.com/steroid_nation/marion_jones_tim_montgomery/index.html History of Basketball in Canada: Article dated 8th March 2002 Retrieved on 6th June 2008 from http://www.nba.com/canada/History_of_Basketball_in_Canad-Canada_Generic_Article-18023.html

Free Essays on King Lear

King Lear Essay Outline #6 – Examine the characteristics that make the evil characters temporarily succeed. For what reasons do they fail? I – Introduction  · A Shakespearean play that closely relates to society.  · The evil characters temporarily succeed but fail in the end.  · They think they can outsmart society but get what they deserve in the end.  · Jealousy erupts between the two sisters.  · Edmund’s peculiar change of heart.  · Cornwall didn’t have enough knowledge to persecute Lear and Gloucester.  · Evil characters had to many obstacles to succeed and failed due to other conflicts. Thesis: By looking at Regan’s, Goneril’s, Edmund’s, and Cornwall’s determination for control, desire for power, and lack of conscience they temporarily succeed but fail in the end due to jealousy, change of heart, and lack of control II – Body Paragraph 1  · Sub point: Regan and Goneril portray evil characteristics by being clever; they have no conscience, only appetite.  · Personifications of evil and greedy ambition.  · Profess their love to Lear with lies, insincerity, and wrong intentions.  · This begins Regan and Goneril’s plan because Lear believed then and gave them land.  · Goneril complains about Lear and say, â€Å"His knights grow riotous, and himself upbraids us/† (I iii, line 6)  · Both Regan and Goneril didn’t want Lear to live with them.  · Cornwall and Regan demand that Kent be put in the stocks.  · Goneril makes Lear beg on his knees to Regan for forgiveness.  · They leave Lear outside in storm and lock the doors on him.  · Insult Gloucester, tie him up, and pull on his beard. (pg.161)  · Goneril insults Albany of being a coward.  · Regan promises Oswald a reward if he can kill Gloucester.  · Goneril urges Edmund to kill Albany.  · Begin to fail because of dispute over Edmund.  · Alliance begins to separate because of the desire of Edmund.  · Reg... Free Essays on King Lear Free Essays on King Lear A Great Tragedy: The good misunderstood and the evil accepted Shakespeare’s King Lear and Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus is a detailed description of the consequences of one mans decisions that ends in a tragedy. Lear and Faustus decisions greatly alter their lives and the lives of those around them. These two stories are defined as tragedies because they meet the criteria of what a tragic hero stands for, i.e. a hero is larger than life, and both stories have a tragic fall caused by some error or moral weakness. It is not till the end of the plays that the honest people are recognized. The stories reveal a fatal error in judgement and a character flaw, which causes their downfall, suffering and enlightenment. In the opening of Shakespeare’s King Lear the first error in judgement is introduced in scene 1.1 lines 95-98, where Cordelia confesses her love for her father. Good my lord, You have begot me, bred me, loved me; I return those duties back as are right fit, Obey you, love you, and most honor you. Cordelia understands her position and accepts her duty without question. Lear ignores the fact that cordelia is pouring her heart out and confessing her unconditional love for him and in return he turns his back on her. Cordelia was prideful, and even a fool in her response, but I believe she was simply being honest and true. I believe this is the beginning of his downfall, which will lead him on a path of suffering. Lear made a monumental mistake when he handed over his kingship to his two evil daughters, Regan and Goneril. This is what eventually led him to his mental breakdown and the deaths of many individuals. If he had only choose to keep control over his kingdom or to give up control to someone trustworthy, then his suffering would have been reduced. Faustus much like Lear has made an error in judgement when he chooses to ignore the advice of the fictional Good and Bad Angels and the old man. The ... Free Essays on King Lear King Lear Essay Outline #6 – Examine the characteristics that make the evil characters temporarily succeed. For what reasons do they fail? I – Introduction  · A Shakespearean play that closely relates to society.  · The evil characters temporarily succeed but fail in the end.  · They think they can outsmart society but get what they deserve in the end.  · Jealousy erupts between the two sisters.  · Edmund’s peculiar change of heart.  · Cornwall didn’t have enough knowledge to persecute Lear and Gloucester.  · Evil characters had to many obstacles to succeed and failed due to other conflicts. Thesis: By looking at Regan’s, Goneril’s, Edmund’s, and Cornwall’s determination for control, desire for power, and lack of conscience they temporarily succeed but fail in the end due to jealousy, change of heart, and lack of control II – Body Paragraph 1  · Sub point: Regan and Goneril portray evil characteristics by being clever; they have no conscience, only appetite.  · Personifications of evil and greedy ambition.  · Profess their love to Lear with lies, insincerity, and wrong intentions.  · This begins Regan and Goneril’s plan because Lear believed then and gave them land.  · Goneril complains about Lear and say, â€Å"His knights grow riotous, and himself upbraids us/† (I iii, line 6)  · Both Regan and Goneril didn’t want Lear to live with them.  · Cornwall and Regan demand that Kent be put in the stocks.  · Goneril makes Lear beg on his knees to Regan for forgiveness.  · They leave Lear outside in storm and lock the doors on him.  · Insult Gloucester, tie him up, and pull on his beard. (pg.161)  · Goneril insults Albany of being a coward.  · Regan promises Oswald a reward if he can kill Gloucester.  · Goneril urges Edmund to kill Albany.  · Begin to fail because of dispute over Edmund.  · Alliance begins to separate because of the desire of Edmund.  · Reg... Free Essays on King Lear The tempest in Act III influences the character King Lear significantly. The storm is an echo of Lear’s inner turmoil and his growing insanity: the awesome power of the storm is a physical, chaotic natural reflection of Lear’s internal confusion. Although Lear does not recover his good sense, and learn from his mistakes to become a better king, he begins to learn his weakness and insignificance compared to the remarkable forces of the natural world. As result of this Lear begins to become a humble and caring individual. The storm is a reflection of the crazed mind that Lear possesses. Trying to face down the storm shows despair and the increased loss of his sense of reality. Speaking to the storm, he commands: Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow! You cataracts and hurrincanoes, spout Till you have drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! (King Lear P.105). The king is powerless to the storm making him realize his own mortality Lear believes his world is coming to an end because his daughters have betrayed him. Also by having his power stripped from him by his daughters, he thinks that the outside world is going to end as well. The chaos that is the storm, is also a reflection of the chaos of Britain without Lears authority. Along with Lear's growing despair and projection, we also see his understandable obsession with his daughters betrayal: "Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire, are my daughters: / I tax you not, you elements, with unkindness" (King Lear P.105). Lear tells the thunder that he does not blame it for attacking him because it does not owe him anything. But he does blame his "two pernicious daughters"(King Lear P.107) for their betrayal. In spite of the clear onset of insanity, Lear exhibits some degree of rational thought he is still able to locate the source of his misfortune. Lear is realizing that he is going mad, even with this terrifying realization he starts to become compassionate ... Free Essays on King Lear According to critics, King Lear is the most devastating of Shakespeare’s tragedies and perhaps his most moving. King Lear is just as powerful when translated to different languages, converted to film, and set in lands far different than ancient Britain. Upon completing the text of King Lear and watching it on film, I have determined that there are numerous differences between the two. Some of these differences found in the film make the tragedy more effective, while others are rather insignificant and deter from the themes discussed in the book. Each performance and portrayal of the play is unique in its own way. Some ideas are presented better in the movie, while others are presented better in the book. As I read throughout the text of the play, I imagined the castle as being large and constructed of concrete. We soon find out that it is made of wood and the roof seems to leak. When we picture royalty, we see the best living conditions and environment known to man. The film shows King Lear and his family residing in an old, run down facility. People of significance and higher class most often are clean shaven and wear the finest of clothing. The characters in the movie have full beards, long gnarly hair, and present themselves in an unorthodox manner. These traits and customs are rather insignificant to the emotions brought forth by the play, but still present the audience with a form of irony. Lear’s daughters, Goneril and Regan, were thought to be younger than the film portrayed them as. Lear is pictured exactly how I imagined him. I believe that if the film had cast younger females to play the roles that it would produce a larger contrast showing just exactly how old King Lear truly is. This wouldn’t fit in with the description of King Lear though. King Lear is said to be in his eighty’s. If the film showed his daughters being really young, confusion would result. The chance of an old man having really...

Hobbes and Locke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hobbes and Locke - Essay Example Human beings naturally seek peace, and the best way to achieve peace is to construct the Leviathan through social contract. The Second Part: Of Commonwealth, shows the process of erecting the Leviathan by outlining the rights of sovereigns and subjects, and draws the legislative and civil mechanics of the commonwealth. He deduces twelve principals of the sovereign, proposes censorship of the press and the restriction of free speech rights for the promotion of order. The Third Part: Of the Christian Commonwealth, formulates the compatibility of Christian doctrine and the religious system of the Leviathan. He argues that though there is no God personally present in this world, even in the incarnation of Christ, there is a Prime Mover who intervenes in the world through the mediation of matter.Hobbes thus takes theological knowledge and reinterprets it to conform to his determination of natural facts and philosophical conclusions. The Fourth Part: Of the Kingdom of Darkness, engages in deflating false religious beliefs and argues that the political implementation of the Leviathanic state is necessary to achieve a secure Christian commonwealth.

Political science paper- comparative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political science paper- comparative - Essay Example The theory adopts the rule of consensus decision making and majority rule. In an occurrence where a decision cannot be reached through consensus, a decision is reached through the majority rule by voting. The type of voting embraced by this theory involves one that does not regard authority. Every party of individual affected by the decision making process is effectively considered in terms of representation in the decision making process (Gutmann & Dennis 57). Deliberative democratic theory also represents representative democracy and direct democracy. In an argument by Ross deliberative democracy refer to representative bodies that give equal chance to its members to deliberate on a decision making procedure without uneven distribution of power due to authority or position an individual holds (87). Another definition of the theory given by Gutmann & Dennis depicts deliberative democratic theory refers to the system of governance where the lay citizens are given the power of making decisions (87). Generally, this theory acts with respect to democracy where every person is entitled to a decision or thought; and the thought or opinion is considered in a decision making process. The decision making process in this theory may be represented in tow forms depending on the parties involved. The decision making may be based on the elitist deliberative democracy or populist deliberative democracy. In elitist deliberative democracy, the involved parties use the social decision making bodies such as courts and legislatures to rule over a dispute or direct a decision making process. In the populist deliberative democracy the power is given to the people to decide on the opinion or decision to uphold. In an argument by Gutmann & Dennis the power given to the people is more significant than using decision making bodies since there is a higher probability that public opinion will be represented (132). The author further argues that populist deliberative democracy theory gene rates decisions that may be significant to the lives of involved citizens since their opinion will be greatly considered in the decision making process. Characteristics The characteristics that apply in deliberative democratic theory are greatly similar to the provision of any consensus approach. There are five characteristics of the theory; I. Information In any decision making process there are numerous information that are required in order to have a complete validation of option. In deliberative democratic theory, this information should be provided to all involved parties in the decision making process. Additionally, the information provided to the participants should be accurate and relevant to the consensus being held. Gutmann & Dennis argue that the theory may be distorted if the information provided to participants is biased, distorted or incomplete (122). II. Substantive balance All arguments considered in this theory should be met by contrary arguments that support the ar guments. According to Ross the opinions the participants bring forth should be supported by relevant and significant evidence in order for

The Impact Of Cell Phones: GPA

The Impact Of Cell Phones: GPA Cell phones adopted by young generation in recent year, have become global phenomena around the world. Thus, with the emergence of this technology almost everyone has tried to adopt these cell phones. We found in this research that cell phone usage had a negative impact on students GPA. Students using their cell phone during class, they also receiving and sending text messages during their class so they were able to pay less attention to lecture and thus it had negative impact on students performance. Key terms: Cell phones usage, Academic performance, GPA Introduction Commercialization of cellular phone technology has increased its use in recent years. In Pakistan total subscribers for cell phones till 12 September 2012 have reached to 120,513,430 (Pakistan Telecommunication Authority). The adoption of cell phones by young generation has been a global phenomenon in recent years. It has become an integral part of adolescents daily life and has become one of the most popular forms of communication. In todays world almost every student is having cell phone in their pocket, clipped to a belt, or hidden in a brief case or purse and knows perfect usage of it. As technology is growing every day at very fast rate, and is bringing positive and negative effects for society and so is with cell phone technology that has brought both positive and negative effects. It is commonly observed that these cell phones have also become status symbol for youth and they have indulged themselves in the competition of having best and most updated cell phone with maximum fe atures. Todays youth prefer cell phones more as compared to internet or any other social activity. Young people own cell phone and also want to upgrade it as soon as new model is launched in the market. Cell phones are that much involved in our life that the person who own cell phone is tend to be thought socially connected, independent, modern and in demand by the society. One of the most used applications of cell phones by our young generation is text messaging and these cellular network companies have also played a vital role in negatively affecting our young generation by introducing a number of packages for text messaging and calls also. Students of today are master in fastest text messaging and are seen text messaging while at home, at university, traveling ,in classroom and specially while studying. Communication with fellow students, professors, parents, and everyone else is just a click away. Most of the students use it for chatting with friends. This research paper explores the impact of cell phones` usage on students academic performance. We examined the effect of mobile usage on the grades among university students. Literature Review Cell phones and academic performance: The invention of cell phone has brought revolutionary change in the world. And thus bought change in the lifestyle of people using it including students. In 2005, the number of cell phone subscribers worldwide will reach 2 billion (Deloitte Research, 2005). And in Pakistan total fixed phone subscriber by December 2011 reached to only 3,098,117, less than mobile phone subscriber that were 120,151,253 till December 2011 (Pakistan Telecommunication Authority). Surveys have consistently shown that cell phone is used and loved more than television or internet by students, whether they are using internet or watching television they are having cell phone in their hands. Through common observation we also evaluated that students need to return to their home if they forget to take it with them. Thus with the emergence of this technology almost everyone has tried to adopt these cell phones and are addicted to its usage that they think their work done become difficult without its services and t hey are unable to stay connected with their friends and family. The main issue for teachers is the disturbance created in class room due to cell phone calls and texting. Combining this with the ease of hiding the device due to its small size, makes it very difficult for teachers to control it. Students are excited to find out that who has called and what the message is, young people are reluctant to turn off their cell phone during class time. Usually students kept their devices on during lectures with themselves and also sometimes forget to turn profile silent during class and its ringing create disturbance in class. Campbell (2006) found that students and faculty view the ringing of cell phone in class to be a serious problem. It is clear that if students spend time texting, they will not be able to pay attention to class lecture, will not be able to understand the topic and will not be able to produce good result in class, this will have impact on their grade points. Through common observation it is observed that today students are busy with this technology, spends 90% of their time with cell phones and dont pay attention to their studies. And if they pretend to their parents that they are studying in their room, they are actually dodging their parents, it is such a small device that they can easily hide them and lie with their parents. Students are trying to make as many friends whether girl or boy as they can, keeping themselves busy all day and night, as these network companies for their own profit have introduced a lots of cheap packages for call and messaging. All these activities in which students have engaged themselves in todays world are demolishing their present and future. After explaining negative aspect there are some positive impact also, it helps students to stay connected with their group members when assigned some group work from their teacher and can also contact their teachers in time of having any difficulty regarding their assignments. In school it also helps teacher to tell their parents about any serious problem happened to the students and also helps teacher to text their parent if they are absent from school. Students are supposed to use mobile phones whole night texting their friends. It is interesting to note that there are few common family rules about young peoples use of the cell phone. In fact, many adolescents (58%) reported that there were no rules set by their parents about their cell phone use and only 12% reported that their parents used removal of their cell phones from them as punishment (Metthews, 2004). Probably because of the sleeping issue it has been found that parents have to take cell phone from their children at night while going to sleep. Some reported that parents had to ask their children to stop using phone at night as then students are unable to wake up early in the morning for their university, school or college or they feel sleepy during class and do not pay proper attention. Along with academic performance cell phones have also positively and negatively affected social relationships. With the emergence of mobile phones individuals are able to stay connected with their friends, family and relatives living abroad. In addition to keeping up with social relationships, individuals have also been able to increase productivity with their work because they can be hundreds of miles away from the office, and still have instant access to their e-mail, documents and contacts wherever they are (Tully, 2003). A trend that is becoming more apparent is present absences; this is the concept of how an individuals presence in a social setting changes regardless of their physical presence, they are only half-present (Fortunati 2008). Individuals attending any meeting with their friends, coworkers, boss or any type of social activity, they leave that place during conversation as soon as their cell phone rings or vibrate. Even when sitting with their parents they do not hesit ate to go ahead and answer the call without thinking that this could hurt them. Through observation, researchers have found that individuals typically will not hesitate to interrupt an ongoing conversation to answer the ringing of their cell phone. Cell phones have given a new way to individuals to form new relationships and to strengthen existing ones. Teens admitted spending nearly an equal amount of time talking as they do texting each month. The feature is so important to them that if texting was no longer an option, 47 percent of teens say their social life would end or be worsened especially among females (54 percent compared to 40 percent of males) (CTIA Survey 2008). Before the emergence of mobile technology, individuals have regular interaction with one another. As they have very little telephonic contact with one another so they are used to visit each other homes regularly. Even if any one of the family member is in hospital, their loved ones even if out of city make a visit instantly or the next day but now with the emergence of cell phones people are supposed to just ask about their health on phone call with their cell phones. Cell phones also create a factor of safety among parents. Parents feel satisfied if their children are having cell phone with them while going outside as they can contact them whenever they want. Even in the time of emergency they can call them. Not only parents can contact their children in the time of difficulty but children can also contact them in emergencies. But children also sometime misuse this device by telling lie to their parents and doing whatever they want to do outside, as their parents are satisfied with their lie. On the other side this device along with disadvantages has helped children and parents both to stay in contact when outside their home. As everything in this world have advantages and disadvantages both and it is upon us how we utilize it. Hypothesis Cell phones` usage will have a negative effect on students` academic performance. Model Cell phone usage Academic performance Methodology The data was collected by distributing questionnaire to students of different universities in Pakistan with the ages ranging between eighteen and thirty. A sample size of 150 students was taken in which 65 respondents were male and 85 respondents were female. The survey consisted of 24 questions, including cell phone impacts on students academic performance and social relationship. Multiple choice questions were asked. The reliability of the instrument was calculated by using SPSS. The instrument was personally administered to the sample. Demographic information (e.g., age, gender, university, degree, GPA) was also collected. Results After successfully collecting the data through distributing questionnaires in different universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, we have inserted that data in SPSS software data sheet and run desired functions necessary to know that what impact does independent variable (cell phone usage ) have on dependent variable (students academic performance). We have evaluated students academic performance by considering their GPA. From the correlation results as shown in TABLE 1, we have find that cell phone usage is having negative impact on students GPA i.e. (r= -0.303, p

Othello Essay

In Shakespeare’s Othello, we see the protagonist Othello being deceived due to his openness of nature and credulity. When Iago estimates Othello’s character as follows, â€Å"The moor is of a free and open nature, / Those thinks men honest but seem to be so. / And will as tenderly be led by the nose/ As asses are. † (II. i. 387-90). We see that it is this trait of his which strained his relationship with his beloved Desdemona. The great tragedy of Shakespeare, Othello, starts with a marriage which was based on a very strong bond of love between Othello and Desdemona. From the early part of the play itself, it is evident that Othello has a slight feeling about his inferiority in terms of beauty and color. He substantiates this point by telling that instead of loving him for what he is, â€Å"She loved me for the dangers I had pass’d, / And I loved her that she did pity them. † (I. iii. 167-8) We see that throughout the play, Othello is a victim of his own jealousy and Iago’s betrayal. This gives way to a change in attitude towards his lady love- Desdemona. As a result, Desdemona, once the whole world of Othello, became his ‘most loved enemy’ who happened to die by his own hands. Hence we can see that love in their relation reaches the highest point that even the lover’s life is at the disposition of her better half. That too as a victim of suspicious loyalty Desdemona is believed by him to be immersed in an affair with his trusted lieutenant, Cassio. To take advantage of the grains of suspicion in the mind of Othello about Desdemona, Iago sets the stage through her handkerchief. Othello is convinced by Iago that his fears about Desdemona’s disloyalty towards him are beyond doubt by promising that he saw Desdemona’s handkerchief with Cassio: â€Å"By Heaven, that should be my handkerchief† (IV. . 147). It is here that we get the most evident proof of Othello towards his wife as the love for his wife is well conveyed by making it clear that he can not bear to live knowing that his wife has become a whore,: â€Å"Aye, let her rot, and perish, and be damned tonight, for she shall not live. † (IV. i. 168). Thus a man, who was hailed for his royal lineage, his skill for adventure, his most efficient soldiership, his openness of nature and credulity, his modesty, and dignity stoops to the level of a murderer without any second thoughts. He did so because he loved his wife so dearly so that whether he lived or died, whether he maintained his reputation or not, nothing was of importance to him compared to his love for Desdemona. Here their relationship turns out to be ironic for it is difficult for a common man to think that one would murder someone for intense unblemished love. On the other hand, we see Desdemona forgetting her very self out of her self-effacing love and devotion for Othello. She idolized him, as she says: â€Å"I saw Othello’s visage in his mind/ And to his honours and his valiant parts/ Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate. (I. iii. 251-3). When she was charged with infidelity, and that her husband could not have done anything more unkind, she could only protest: â€Å"His unkindness may defeat my life,/ But never taint my love. † (IV. ii. 159-61). Her tactlessness that springs from her purity and innocence was what brought about her death. If she had imbibed the worldly maxims, which Emilia dispensed, she might have averted the disaster. She made a capital blunder in engaging herself to solicit for Cassio. She had not the remotest idea that her action might be misinterpreted. She did not realize it even at the visible displeasure of her lord. A woman of the world would have taken the hint, and pressed no more Cassio’s suit. Iago, in spite of himself, meant but the simple truth when he said, â€Å"She is of so free, so kind, so blessed a disposition, she holds it a vice in her goodness not to do more than she is requested. †(II. iii. 298-9). Not till the last moment did the truth break upon her mind that she had compromised herself by pleading for Cassio. It is the simplicity and purity of Othello and Desdemona, in all means that is exploited by Iago, who was trusted to the utmost by both, especially Othello. Othello’s life was always lived by faith, instead of right. Moreover, he was a man whose nature was passionate and high, generous in thought and ready in action. He considered all that is subtle and devious as dishonor, and as Desdemona understood about him, jealousy and suspicion was foreign to his nature. His life was always identified with his absolute trust in Desdemona. But when a person who was too honest to him throughout and a good friend full of experience, honor, devotion and delicacy to him, exhorted too vehemently that Desdemona is not at all honest to him and that she is having a very passionate love affair with Cassio, his innocence and purity forces him to believe it. Desdemona too is a victim to the darker shades of finer feelings like innocence, purity and simplicity. She is a saint who always stood firm for love, be it to her father or her husband. She firmly believes that there is nothing in this world that cannot be recovered by true love. Her answer concerning the fatal handkerchief, â€Å"It is not lost; but what an if it were? †(II. iv. 79) shows she, most pathetically and with a childlike innocence, endeavors to uphold the truth of her relation to her husband. If she had tried to reply to the accusation she was in, with harsh words, her angelic stature in the minds of those who loved her might have faltered. A close reading of the play substantiates the fact that Othello and Desdemona are the two most innocent people that ever existed. At first their relationship is romantic to the utmost but it takes a profane hue in course of time due to the lack of a perfect foundation for a relationship, by race, color, temper and character and hence we see an absence of trust, understanding and communication between the two. For Othello, the word ‘battle’ is of foremost importance as he was a perfect soldier. We see him telling about himself: â€Å"Rude am I in my speech, / And little bless’d with the soft phrase of peace; / For since these arms of mine had seven years’ pith, / Till now some nine moons wasted, they have us’d/ Their dearest action in the tented field;/ And little of this great world can I speak/ More than pertains to feats of broils and battle†. (I. iii. 81-7). In sharp contrast to this, we have Desdemona who is totally inexperienced in the ways of the world. It is Othello’s war stories that infatuate her. Once she identifies his virility and manliness, she is taken aback with a mad love towards him. But it should be debated whether that is a solid base on which a relation should be built on. We see that though she speaks so fondly about him, her understanding about his nature is minimum. She defends her newly born love for Othello, in the following words, (among other things), â€Å"My downright violence, and storm of fortunes, / May trumpet to the world. My heart’s subdu’d / Even to the very quality of my lord. / I saw Othello’s visage in his mind, /†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ soul and fortune consecrate. † (I. iii 248-253) Hence the whole play shows forth that it is innocence and purity that laid foundation to the failure of the relation between Othello and Desdemona who was renowned for the purity of love between them crossing all the barriers that were ‘built’ by man. These good qualities, undoubtedly, turned fatal in their all encompassing love. We find Anthony Trollope’s Lady Anna an apt sequel to the relationship presented between Othello and Desdemona. In the above-said novel we have Daniel Thwaite, a tailor and his lover, later wife, Lady Anna, who belongs to the aristocracy. There too we have Frederic instead of Cassio. In both these works we see that the people with whom the ladies are accused of having an illegitimate relation are far better and appropriate than their present spouses. This instills a feeling of inferiority in both the men and that is what takes the garb of jealousy and in course of time their intense love to their better halves become too bitter and lead them to much graver mistakes. Trollope, no doubt had Shakespeare’s Othello in mind, while he was drawing his caricatures of Lady Anna, Thwaite and Frederic to make them sequels to Desdemona, Othello and Cassio respectively.

Child Custody and Support Laws Should Be Changed Essay

Present child custody and support laws do not make any sense. They often penalize hard working parents and alienate parents from children they love. These laws must be re-examined and revised so that the best interest of children be served at all times. John Smith lives with his new wife and her four children, ages 4 to 14. He is the only father that these youngsters have known, and he provides for them in all the ways that a father must. John Smith must pay $1,000 to his ex-wife, a woman he divorced 12 years ago, but with whom he had two children, ages 14 and 15. He barely sees his children, and when he does, the situation is strained and the children act like they would rather be somewhere else. John believes that he would rather have had primary custody of his children: he would have participated more actively in their upbringing, and he would have stayed closer to them, and he would have made a better parent that their mother. He resents that he was not given the opportunity to be closer to his children; instead, the courts had given custody to her; she was their mother, and that was all that counted. Now, they are almost strangers to him. John is angry that the system is holding him hostage to his ex-wife by mandating that he pay her $1,000 a month, even though they’ve been divorced for 12 years, even though she refuses to seek employment to contribute to her children’s support, even though he must struggle to make ends meet with his new family. John Smith is one of 3 million divorced men who have had very little control over decisions of custody and child support. These men feel that as implemented, these laws favor the mothers and force men into choosing to become deadbeat dads. Show status of situation: how many children live in divorced homes; what percentage of das get custody; show how in a typical situation, mothers get custody, and fathers paay support. This situation must change, laws must be designed to treat all equitably and fairly, and in this particular case, the primary concern should be the best interest of the children in divorce situations. I.Custody decisions should be based on who is the better parent II.As much as possible, both parents should have equal access to their children III.Child support rules should demand equally from both parents IV.Rules should allow non-custodial parent enough finances to live his/her life V.Payment should be linked to visitation, etc

Article Review On Online Gambling Legalization - 1962 Words

Article 5 – Is Donald Trump key to US online gambling legalisation? He spent years discussing his presidential aspirations, even once saying that he would fund former Minnesota Governor and ex-professional wrestler Jesse Ventura’s campaign should he ever want to run for the top spot. But now it seems that Donald Trump is backing up the talk by putting his name on the ballot paper and running for president. While his chances of reaching the White House are slim at best, it has given the outspoken businessman and TV star a new platform to air his views. The Republican Party is fighting tooth and nail to stop Trump’s momentum but that stats don’t lie, he is certainly working to win over the US public. Trump has been quick to address†¦show more content†¦This makes the online gambling field a great source of profit for Trump, which is probably why it has become a hot talking point within not only his campaign but throughout online casino portals around the world. It seems great that Trump has made the issue of online gambling legislation so prominent, but it could possibly prove to be negative in many ways. Trump is a man known for his abrasive and controversial personality, giving him the reputation of being explosive from a political standpoint. There are some who believe that by behaving in the way he does that he is actually hindering the chances of online gambling ever being legalized in the United States. This is because there is every chance that because of his nature many will oppose simply out of dislike of Trump simply to make a point. It isn’t just that either, Sheldon Adelson, a fellow gambling mogul, but one that opposes online gambling, could look to ramp up his anti-online gambling efforts simply to give Trump more to deal with during his campaign. Whichever way you look at situation, Donald Trump could very way play a key role in how the online casino legalisation story unfolds in the United States. Should his presidential campaign gather real momentum, whether he makes it into office or not, he will have an increased influence from a political standpoint moving forward. However, should his campaign truly fall flat, then there is every chance that objectors will be able to shut down the